Mac终端Shell命令Open

1. 简介

Mac 下手动打开目录、文件和应用程序等和 Windows 都很一不样，用惯 Windows 的用户刚开始使用 Mac 系统可能会非常不习惯。好在 Mac 下有一个非常方便的命令行工具 open，它能很方便地打开 Mac 上的目录、文件和应用程序。

2. 格式

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Usage: open [-e] [-t] [-f] [-W] [-R] [-n] [-g] [-h] [-s <partial SDK name>][-b <bundle identifier>] [-a <application>] [-u URL] [filenames] [--args arguments]
Help: Open opens files from a shell.
      By default, opens each file using the default application for that file.  
      If the file is in the form of a URL, the file will be opened as a URL.
Options: 
      -a                    Opens with the specified application.
      -b                    Opens with the specified application bundle identifier.
      -e                    Opens with TextEdit.
      -t                    Opens with default text editor.
      -f                    Reads input from standard input and opens with TextEdit.
      -F  --fresh           Launches the app fresh, that is, without restoring windows. Saved persistent state is lost, excluding Untitled documents.
      -R, --reveal          Selects in the Finder instead of opening.
      -W, --wait-apps       Blocks until the used applications are closed (even if they were already running).
          --args            All remaining arguments are passed in argv to the application's main() function instead of opened.
      -n, --new             Open a new instance of the application even if one is already running.
      -j, --hide            Launches the app hidden.
      -g, --background      Does not bring the application to the foreground.
      -h, --header          Searches header file locations for headers matching the given filenames, and opens them.
      -s                    For -h, the SDK to use; if supplied, only SDKs whose names contain the argument value are searched.
                            Otherwise the highest versioned SDK in each platform is used.
      -u, --url URL         Open this URL, even if it matches exactly a filepath
      -i, --stdin  PATH     Launches the application with stdin connected to PATH; defaults to /dev/null
      -o, --stdout PATH     Launches the application with /dev/stdout connected to PATH; 
          --stderr PATH     Launches the application with /dev/stderr connected to PATH to
          --env    VAR      Add an enviroment variable to the launched process, where VAR is formatted AAA=foo or just AAA for a null string value.

2.1 打开目录

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open <path1> [<path2> ...]

其中，<path1> 为需要打开的目录，可以同时打开多个目录项，打开的目录最终是在 Finder 窗口显示。

2.2 打开文件

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open <file1> [<file2> ...]

其中，<file1> 为需要打开的文件，可以同时打开多个文件项，以对应文件格式的默认应用打开对应文件。

2.3 定位文件

如果想定位文件所在位置并在 Finder 中打开对应目录，则可以使用以下命令行：

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open -R <file1> [<file2> ...]

其中，<file1> 为需要定位的文件，可以同时定位多个文件项。

2.4 打开应用程序

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open -a <app1> [<app2> ...]

其中，<app1> 为需要打开的应用程序，可以同时打开多个应用程序项。

2.5 打开 URLs

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open <url1> [<url2> ...]
open -a Firefox <url1> [<url2> ...]

其中，<url1> 为需要打开的 URL，以默认浏览器打开；可以通过 -a 参数更换其它浏览器打开。

2.6 头文件

open 另一大用途是，定位并打开对应的头文件：

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open -h <header1> [<header2> ...]
open -a TextEdit -h <header1> [<header2> ...]

其中，<header1> 为需要打开的头文件，以默认程序打开；可以通过 -a 参数更换其它应用程序打开。

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